Daf 73a
כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ מִנְיָן אֲפִילּוּ בִּדְרַבָּנַן לָא בָּטֵיל וְכָל שֶׁכֵּן בִּדְאוֹרָיְיתָא
דְּתַנְיָא לִיטְרָא קְצִיעוֹת שֶׁדְּרָסָהּ עַל פִּי עִיגּוּל וְאֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ בְּאֵיזוֹ עִיגּוּל דְּרָסָהּ עַל פִּי חָבִית וְאֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ בְּאֵיזוֹ חָבִית דְּרָסָהּ עַל פִּי כַּוֶּורֶת וְאֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ בְּאֵיזוֹ כַּוֶּורֶת דְּרָסָהּ
רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר רוֹאִין אֶת הָעֶלְיוֹנוֹת כְּאִילּוּ הֵן פְּרוּדוֹת וְהַתַּחְתּוֹנוֹת מַעֲלוֹת אֶת הָעֶלְיוֹנוֹת
רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר אִם יֵשׁ מֵאָה פּוּמִּין יַעֲלוּ וְאִם לָאו הַפּוּמִּין אֲסוּרִין וְהַשּׁוּלַיִם מוּתָּרִין
רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר אִם יֵשׁ שָׁם מֵאָה פּוּמִּין יַעֲלוּ וְאִם לָאו הַפּוּמִּין אֲסוּרִין וְכוּ'
רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר אֲפִילּוּ יֵשׁ שָׁם שְׁלֹשָׁה מֵאוֹת פּוּמִּין לֹא יַעֲלוּ
דְּרָסָהּ בְּעִיגּוּל וְאֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ בְּאֵיזֶה מְקוֹם בְּעִיגּוּל דְּרָסָהּ אוֹ לִצְפוֹנָהּ אוֹ לִדְרוֹמָהּ דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל יַעֲלוּ
רַב אָשֵׁי אָמַר אֲפִילּוּ תֵּימָא רַבָּנַן בַּעֲלֵי חַיִּים חֲשִׁיבִי וְלָא בָּטְלִי
וְנִמְשׁוֹךְ וְנַקְרֵב חַד מִינַּיְיהוּ וְנֵימָא כֹּל דְּפָרֵישׁ מֵרוּבָּא פָּרֵישׁ נִמְשׁוֹךְ הָוֵה לֵיהּ קָבוּעַ
Whatsoever is numbered [in selling], even [if its prohibition is] Rabbinical, cannot be neutralized, and how much the more when it is Biblical! (1) For it was taught: If a litra of dried figs (2) was pressed on the top of a round jar, and he does not know in which jar it was pressed; or on the top of a cask, and he does not know in which cask; or on top of a ‘beehive’, (3) and he does not know in which, R. Meir maintains that R. Eliezer said: We regard the upper [layers] as if they are separated, and the lower ones neutralize the upper ones; (4) while R. Joshua ruled: If there were a hundred tops, they neutralize; if not, [all] the tops are forbidden, and the bottom layers5 are permitted. (6) R. Judah maintained: R. Eliezer said: If there were a hundred tops, they neutralize; if not, [all] the tops are forbidden, etc.; while R. Joshua ruled: Even if you have three hundred tops, they do not neutralize.7 If he pressed it (8) in a round jar, and he does not know in which part of the jar he pressed it, whether in the north or in the south, all agree that it is neutralized. (9) R. Ashi said: You may even say [that it agrees with] the Rabbis: Living creatures are important, and cannot be neutralized. Now, let us detach [them] one by one and say, whatever is detached, (10) is detached from the majority? (11) [You say,] ‘detach [them]’! but that is kabua’
(1). ↑ As in the instances which we are discussing.
(2). ↑ Of terumah (q.v. Glos.), which may not be eaten by a Zar. Normally it is neutralized by one hundred times its quantity. By Biblical law terumah must be given only of corn, wine, and oil (v. Num. XVIII, 8; Deut. XVIII, 4); the Rabbis added fruit.
(3). ↑ A receptacle of that shape.
(4). ↑ Though only the top layer of each cask, etc. is in doubt, for the bottom ones are certainly not terumah, we regard the top layers as if they were taken away from their place and dispersed among all the layers of all the casks. Hence, if there are a hundred layers in all against the one in doubt, it is neutralized and all are permitted.
(5). ↑ I.e., all but the top one.
(6). ↑ But you cannot count all the layers for neutralizing purposes, since they are not in doubt.
(7). ↑ For layers of figs are sold by number.
(8). ↑ The litra of figs.
(9). ↑ Because it may not be a complete layer, and is therefore not sold by number. — Hence our Mishnah agrees with R. Joshua. For further notes v. Bez. (Sonc. ed.) 3bff.
(10). ↑ Lit., ‘separates’.
(11). ↑ This is a general rule: when one thing is detached from many, we assume that it was detached from what constituted the majority. Here the majority of the animals are fit for sacrifice; as we detach each one, we may assume that it was of the majority, and therefore it can be sacrificed. Only the last two will then remain forbidden.
(1). ↑ As in the instances which we are discussing.
(2). ↑ Of terumah (q.v. Glos.), which may not be eaten by a Zar. Normally it is neutralized by one hundred times its quantity. By Biblical law terumah must be given only of corn, wine, and oil (v. Num. XVIII, 8; Deut. XVIII, 4); the Rabbis added fruit.
(3). ↑ A receptacle of that shape.
(4). ↑ Though only the top layer of each cask, etc. is in doubt, for the bottom ones are certainly not terumah, we regard the top layers as if they were taken away from their place and dispersed among all the layers of all the casks. Hence, if there are a hundred layers in all against the one in doubt, it is neutralized and all are permitted.
(5). ↑ I.e., all but the top one.
(6). ↑ But you cannot count all the layers for neutralizing purposes, since they are not in doubt.
(7). ↑ For layers of figs are sold by number.
(8). ↑ The litra of figs.
(9). ↑ Because it may not be a complete layer, and is therefore not sold by number. — Hence our Mishnah agrees with R. Joshua. For further notes v. Bez. (Sonc. ed.) 3bff.
(10). ↑ Lit., ‘separates’.
(11). ↑ This is a general rule: when one thing is detached from many, we assume that it was detached from what constituted the majority. Here the majority of the animals are fit for sacrifice; as we detach each one, we may assume that it was of the majority, and therefore it can be sacrificed. Only the last two will then remain forbidden.
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Traduction du Tanakh du Rabbinat depuis le site Wiki source
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